Geochemistry of Oil Fields, East Java Basin: Biomarker Characterisation-Juniper Publishers
JUNIPER
PUBLISHERS- ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
Abstract
Biomarkers are molecular fossils derived from living
organisms and these complex compounds are composed of carbon, hydrogen
and other elements. Biomarkers show little or no change in chemical
structure from their parent organic molecules in living organisms [1].
Biomarkers are very useful due to their complex structures, revealing
precise information about the depositional origins. It has been
recognized that biomarkers in oils and rock extracts reflect
depositional environment [1-3]. Therefore, biomarkers are used to
achieve the objectives in such study to know the characterization of oil
samples.
Keywords: Fossils; Biomarkers; Oil; Isoprenoids; Marginal marine
Introduction
A study was conducted to analyze the oil
characterizations in the oil Fields of East Java Basin (oil to oil
correlation) based on biomarkers. The North East Java basin is located
on the southeastern margin of a stable Sunderland micro continent,
Indonesia. The biomarker data was obtained from GC and GC-MS analysis of
normal alkanes, isoprenoids, triterpanes and steranes.
Every item of organic matter deposited in specific
depositional environment or source facies developed a specific
biomarker. In
geochemistry characterization of oil samples, biomarkers were carried
out by doing pattern matching analysis and finger printing analysis
through various geochemical crossplots.
Pattern matching method was done by using
chromatogram GC of n-alkane and isoprenoids (Figure 1) also
fragmentogram GCMS of terpane m/z 191 and sterane m/z 217 (Figure 2).
The pattern matching shows that all oils have a relatively similar
pattern, indicating that all the oil samples came from one family with
deltaic to marginal marine source facies.
In addition, some biomarkers data from finger printing
analysis that are used consist of:
A. Pristane/phytane ratio as an indicator of depositional
environment. The results of this case study show that oil samples
have pristane/phytane ratios greater than 2.0 and pristane/n-C17
ratios are roughly similar with range 0.66-0.84, indicating deltaic
or transitional with terrestrial input and deposition in a relatively
sub-oxic to oxic environment (Figure 3).
B. The resultant ratios pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18
(isoprenoids/n-alkanes) of all oil samples range from 0.66 to
0.84 and 0.16 to 0.19, respectively reflect that all the oils were
from humic and mixed kerogen (organic facies), deposited under
transitional environment with oxidation to reduction conditions
and show a degree of maturation (Figure 4).
C. Total hopane/sterane ratio from 4 oils are the same type
of predominantly sub-oxic to oxic terrestrial influence (Figure 5).
D. The ternary diagram of m/z 217 sterane C27-C28-C29
also show all the oils came from one family with a predominant
estuarine or bay depositional environment (Figure 6).
Then, a crossplot of triterpane maturity parameter (Figure 7)
show that all oil samples in the early mature stages [4,5].
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