Energy Potential of Natural, Synthetic Polymers and Waste Materials -Juniper Publishers

Juniper Publishers- Academic Journal of Polymer Science


Authored by Michael Ioelovich

In this paper, the energy potential of natural (polysaccharides, lignin, etc.), and synthetic polymers (polyolefins, etc.), polymer materials (plant biomass, plastics and their solid waste), as well as combustible liquids and gases derived from them has been studied. To determine calorific values of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, various experimental and calculation methods were used. For this purpose, improved equations based on chemical structure and elemental analysis was proposed. It was shown that the conversion of solid materials into liquids or gases reduces the yield of thermal energy. Therefore for the production of thermal energy, it is more profitable to burn the solid biomass or plastic than combustible liquids and gases, derived from them. Studies have shown that lipids and lignin increase, whereas moisture and ash reduce the calorific value of biomass. The calorific value of most synthetic polymers and plastics is higher than that of biomass samples, but resources of waste plastics are about 10 times lower than these of biomass. The use of compacted mixture of biomass and plastic waste enables to obtain solid fuels with unique properties, such as increased calorific value and energy density, as well as reduced emission of carbon dioxide. Considering the total amount of biomass and plastics waste destined for combustion, it was calculated that current annual energy potential of the waste materials is about 145 EJ. The increase the share of biomass in the production of alternative energy can simultaneously contribute to reducing in greenhouse gas emission and improving the ecological state of the environment.

For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on https://juniperpublishers.com/

For more articles on Academic Journal of Polymer science please click on https://juniperpublishers.com/ajop/classification.php

To read more…FullText in  Juniper Publishers

https://juniperpublishers.com/ajop/AJOP.MS.ID.555553.php in 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Polymeric Materials for the Development of Dual↓Working Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems. A Breakthrough Approach

Image
   JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-   ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE Abstract Oral route is the most convenient and widely used method of drug administration, representing about 90% of all therapies used. It displays great advantages, such as being non-invasive, easy to administer (with the consequent high patient compliance) and cost-effective. However, serious drawbacks to conventional oral dosage forms are imposed by the gastrointestinal tract. Large fluctuations in drug bioavailability are found due to the influence of physiological factors such as variations in pH, high enzymatic activity and gastric emptying. This is the reason why frequent drug administrations are required to maintain the therapeutic plasma level of the drug. Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS) have emerged as an ideal approach to overcome these drawbacks. They are designed to prolong the gastric residence time (GRT) of the dosage forms in the stomach so that the time between dose administration ...
Read more

Study on Epoxy Nanocomposites Viscoelastic Properties through Dynamic Shear Rheological Analysis Method

Image
   JUNIPER PUBLISHERS-   ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE Abstract Some extraordinary determinations have been made to investigate the epoxy-based nano-composite properties and the viscoelastic curing kinetics for several different industrial applications, such as aircraft, wind energy, defense, and automotive applications. In this research work, the rheological properties of epoxy-based nano-composites containing altered percentages (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%) of nanoparticles (such as carbon [C] and zeolite) were investigated by utilizing a dynamic shear rheological analyzer. Here, the curing kinetics of commercially available thermosetting epoxy resin (Loctite EA 9394 Aero) was studied in detail. It was found that the addition of nanoparticles, such as CB and zeolite in varying proportions (0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) significantly improved the viscoelastic properties and the curing kinetics (storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ) of the nano-composites, which may be helpful in bet...
Read more